Homeowners’ Association (HOA) fees play a vital role in maintaining the quality and functionality of communities. These fees help cover expenses such as landscaping, maintenance, amenities, and communal services. While the majority of homeowners diligently pay their HOA fees, there may be instances where an HOA collections collection efforts become necessary. In such cases, it is crucial for both homeowners and HOAs to understand the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), which governs debt collection and ensures fair treatment for all parties involved.

What is the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA)?

The FDCPA is a federal law enacted in 1977 that regulates debt collection practices across the United States. It applies to third-party collection agencies and law firms engaged in collecting debts on behalf of others. The primary objective of the FDCPA is to protect consumers from abusive, misleading and unfair debt collection practices.

HOA Fees Collected Directly by the HOA

When it comes to HOA fees, it is important to note that the FDCPA applies in large part only to debt collection activities conducted by third-party collections agencies and law firms. The HOA itself, acting as a creditor, is generally not subject to the FDCPA’s provisions. However, Florida has its own statutes and regulations governing direct HOA debt collection. Generally, these statutes give Florida HOAs robust collections powers. Among other powers, these statutes permit HOAs and other associations to place liens on debtors’ properties, charge fees and fines and potentially even repossess the homes of homeowners with longer term debt.

However, associations taking these actions to collect fees should beware: the enhanced legal powers must also comply with several Florida Statutes. In the case of HOAs, this compliance is outlined in 720.3085(4) and (5) which state that an HOA must provide delinquent homeowners written notice before the association can file a lien or pursue any civil action.

One crucial aspect to note is that before fee-incurring collections or legal actions can be pursued, Florida law mandates a 30-day notice period to protect homeowners’ rights.

In Florida, HOAs are required to provide homeowners with a 30-day notice period before initiating fee-incurring collections or taking legal action for delinquent HOA fees. This notice period is designed to give homeowners an opportunity to rectify their delinquency before incurring additional costs or facing legal consequences.

During this 30-day period, homeowners typically receive a written notice of delinquency from the HOA, outlining the amount owed, the due date, and any late fees or interest charges. The notice should also provide homeowners with instructions on how to cure the delinquency within the specified time frame. The purpose of the 30-day notice period is to protect homeowners’ rights and provide them with a fair opportunity to resolve their delinquent HOA fees without unnecessary financial burdens or legal repercussions. By allowing homeowners this grace period, the Florida legislature aims to promote communication, negotiation, and potential resolution between HOAs and homeowners.

“The HOA itself, acting as a creditor, is generally not subject to the FDCPA’s provisions.”

During the 30-day notice period, homeowners have the chance to:

Pay the outstanding balance: Homeowners can settle their delinquent HOA fees by making the full payment within the given time frame. This is the simplest and most straightforward way to resolve the issue and prevent further actions.

Negotiate a payment plan: In some cases, homeowners may face financial difficulties that prevent them from immediately paying the entire outstanding balance. During the notice period, homeowners can negotiate a payment plan with the HOA to gradually repay the debt, ensuring they stay in compliance with their obligations.

Seek clarification or dispute the charges: If homeowners believe there is an error in the amount owed or have questions regarding the charges, they can use this time to communicate with the HOA and seek clarification. It is important to engage in open and constructive dialogue to resolve any disputes.

By utilizing this 30-day notice period effectively, homeowners can work towards resolving their delinquency, protecting their rights, and maintaining a positive relationship with their HOA.

If homeowners fail to cure their delinquency within the 30-day notice period, the HOA may initiate fee-incurring collections or legal actions. These actions can include imposing additional late fees, interest charges, or pursuing legal remedies such as liens or foreclosure proceedings. It is crucial for homeowners to understand the potential consequences of non-compliance and take appropriate action within the designated time frame.

When HOAs Outsource their Collections Efforts

In Florida, many HOAs rely on law firms or 3rd party collection agencies to carry out collections efforts after the 30 day period is up.

Under the FDCPA, there are several practices that are considered abusive, misleading, or unfair and are therefore prohibited when it comes to collecting HOA fees:

Harassment or abuse: Debt collectors cannot engage in actions that harass, oppress, or abuse debtors. This includes the use of threats, profane language, or continuous and annoying communication.

Misleading or false representations: Collectors cannot make false or misleading statements regarding the nature of the debt, the consequences of non-payment, or their identity.

Unfair practices: Debt collectors are prohibited from engaging in practices that are deemed unfair. This includes collecting amounts not authorized by law, depositing post-dated checks prematurely, or attempting to collect fees not owed.

Unreasonable communication: Collectors must adhere to reasonable communication practices. They should not contact debtors at inconvenient times or places, such as early mornings or late at night. They should also respect the debtor’s request for ceasing communication or using specific methods of communication.

Consequences of Violating the FDCPA

If a third-party collection agency or law firm violates the provisions of the FDCPA, debtors have the right to take legal action against them. The FDCPA allows individuals to file lawsuits seeking damages, which can include compensation for actual damages, statutory damages and attorney’s fees.

South Florida Law

The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) and specific Florida statutes govern debt collection activities conducted by HOAs and the third-party collections agencies and law firms they hire. It is crucial for HOAs and homeowners to be aware of their rights and obligations according to the provisions of these laws. South Florida law represents both homeowners and associations in disputes involving fee collections. By retaining our firm, HOAs can ensure that their collection efforts remain fair, transparent and respectful to homeowners in compliance with all relevant laws, by laws and regulations. Likewise, homeowners retain the services of our firm because we aggressively assert their rights and protect them from abusive, misleading, unfair and non-compliant debt collection practices.

If you have any questions or concerns about HOA fees, debt collection practices, or the FDCPA, reach out to South Florida Law either via our contact form or by calling (954) 900-8885.